I have a job where the plans have a detail of the underground fire service entry into the building that shows us bolting to friction clamps. I've always used the 90-degree I bolts on the flange to shields.

Looking for some detail on this - are there other methods I should be considering? Is this acceptable?

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​When is a sleeve required (or not required) at the base of a sprinkler riser when it comes through a floor?

Is there a requirement I'm missing in NFPA 13, NFPA 24, or the plumbing code?

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When is C900 PVC allowed below buildings before the transition to metallic pipe for spigot stub up?

I often see municipal rules to keep non-metallic pipe no closer than five feet from the building foundation. 

Where does this requirement come from?

I have no problem with this practice but would like some code justification to discuss this with contractors.

Thanks in advance.

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Can a commercial pool be used as the required secondary water supply to a high-rise sprinkler system?

The 2019 IBC/CBC Section 403.3.3 requires an automatic secondary water supply in certain seismic design categories. This is typically met by installing a dedicated tank that meets the minimum demand for 30 minutes.

I have a developer asking if they can run a feed line to their 100k +/- gallon commercial pool so it can serve this purpose.

Outside of the engineering challenges and value engineering their team must address, I'm wondering if this arrangement is even allowed. I cannot find anything in IBC/CBC, NFPA 24, NFPA 13, etc. that wouldn't allow this. Any help is appreciated.

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We have an oil storage warehouse project requiring a ceiling density of 0.60 gpm/sqft over 3,000 sqft.

This is basically 30 sprinklers using 1,900 gpm (sprinklers), and 500 gpm (for hoses).

The municipal system is set up with three pumps that run sequentially based on residual system pressure. Each pump is larger than the last. We require Pump 3 to be in operation in order to get the required flow and pressure.

We have conducted a flow test flowing two hydrants, and have not been able to kick Pump 3 into action.

Assuming a K16.8 sprinkler has a 3/4" orifice, 30 heads would only equal a 4" diameter opening. If we can't activate the appropriate pump by opening multiple hydrants, how will we be able to achieve the required flow during a fire?

Has anyone encountered a supply system like this before?

I know that a tank and pump is a solution, but I'm looking for other options. Thanks.

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We are working on a project where the site engineer is asking if tapping into the underground fire line is acceptable to supply a water cooling line to a water source heat pump unit with a 3-inch line.

I'm having trouble finding where it is not acceptable and thought I'd reach out to the knowledgeable members here.

This site has a combination potable/fire line as shown in the picture below.

Should we require them to tie into the 8-inch tap from the potable water line upstream of the fire protection vault (blue line in the drawing)?

Or is it OK that they tap into the fire supply line downstream of the fire protection vault (red line below)?

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Working on a new resort hotel and it is necessary to have buried pipe before and after a sprinkler control valve.

Is it allowable by code to substitute C900 PVC pipe with Tyco Blazemaster pipe?

According to the installation guide of Tyco Blazemaster it could be installed underground.

If not, which material can be installed instead of C900 because 4-inch is the smallest size for this pipe?

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We have an project serving the textile manufacturing industry. We are looking to install a fire hydrant (500 gpm minimum) in proximity to the building.

What is the minimum and maximum distance these hydrant(s) should be located from the building?

The project is not under IBC / IFC criteria, only subject to the NFPA series of standards. 

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When coming out of a pump room with underground feed which then connects to an underground loop with a bullhead tee, are isolation valves required on the bullhead tee?

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We are inspecting an existing fire sprinkler building for an upgrade to an Extra Large Orifice (ELO) system.

We performed a hydrant flow test and noticed a 14 psi static loss between the hydrant, 185-ft of 8-inch ductile, 2 elbows and 8 feet of elevation rise to the supply side of the RPZ backflow preventer.  We recorded 73 psi at hydrant and 59 psi at the number 1 test cock on the RPZ while static.

I spoke with the water authority and they confirmed no meter or check valve on the 8" fire line; it is straight into the valve room plus 2 elbows. The building is 20 years old and the pump test provided 120% of rated capacity.

Any idea how the static pressure inside the building is 14 psi less?

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I've been seven years in the chair, and the most thankless job I encounter on every project is - reviewing the site utility plan and picking it apart.

I've now made my own rule that I will only point the civil engineer's mistakes once, early in the project, and when it comes time to stack the riser, pressure test, etc, all I can say is "I pointed that out to you on Aug 11 2020 email."

Am I going about this the wrong way? SHould I even be investing energy into correcting the engineer with the stamp?

Recent example is a two story building with concrete tees. We're adding third and fourth floors from new structural members. The underground man took the site utility and started digging. Check valve was exposed above ground (supposed to be in pit) and the FDC was connected to the underground on the system side of the backflow preventer. Now he has to dig it up, cap the tee after the backflow preventer, and run it around and inside the building. The job requires a small pump (CL1 manual wet standpipe), and the underground man wasn't happy. All I was doing was point out wrong installations before it was too late.

I'm always left thinking, "this isn't even in my scope of work, but it affects everything downstream."

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We have an account that failed the five year FDC hydrostatic test. The Fire Department Connection is a remote, freestanding FDC. The Fire Marshal is claiming that there is no leakage, however, will not give a pass or fail. 

NFPA 25 (2017) and others reference hydrostatic tests.

6.3.2.1  hydrostatic test 200 psi for 2 hrs or at 50 psi in excess of the maximum pressure where maximum pressure is in excess of 150 psi every five years. (manual standpipe systems and semi-automatic dry standpipe systems, including piping in the FDC)

Annex  6.3.2.1* that mentions a minimum leakage existing under test pressure.

Section 13.8.5 FDC five year hydrostatic testing shall be tested at 150 psi for 2 hrs. There is no mention of minimal leakage allowed.

What is this allowable leakage?

NFPA 24 (2010) Private Fire Mains & Their Appurtenances Section 10.10.2.2.1 requires 200 psi or 50 psi in excess of the system working pressure whichever is greater and maintain that pressure at +/-5 psi for 2 hrs.

Is that my allowable leakage, so that if we lose less than 5 psi or gain no more than 5 psi for 2-hours, that we pass? Wasn't sure if the existing 5-year hydrostatic for underground has leakage that is measured differently from an inside hydrostatic test.
 
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Is there a standard spacing for private fire hydrants?

No applicable code for this project, but looking for guidance in what would be common under NFPA 24, NFPA 1 / 101, and/or the IBC. Thanks in advance.

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What is the residual pressure and flow require for both public and private fire hydrants?

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Many sprinkler systems in our area (I'm a fire marshal) have aboveground pipe installed by a fire sprinkler installer and the underground installed by an underground pipe contractor. NFPA 24 requires a minimum flow rate from underground pipe in order to remove rock and debris from the underground pipe.

Many of the underground contractors simply open up the pipe and wait until there's consistent clear water and/or stop hearing the rocks ping around. There's no measurements taken for the underground flushing and when I ask for them to verify the flow rate I get blank stares.

Is there a way to tell just by static pressure in the area if opening up the pipe flange is enough flow to satisfy the underground flushing? Or is there a measurement I should be seeing to verify the flow rate? 

Thanks in advance.

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NFPA 24, Section 7.1.1.2 (2016 Edition), states that control valve shall be installed in each hydrant connection.

What is the purpose of this control valve, other than facilitating maintenance?

Would this be considered a "control valve" per NFPA 24 3.3.3, and does this have to be a post-indicating type valve?

Please can someone give some information regarding the filling speed of a empty pipeline to a sprinkler line?

In my case there was water hammer in a 6” line, The 16” firewater line was under 175 psi pressure and the opening time was 9 seconds.

Is 3 feet per second more realistic? Or is there a NFPA standard that addresses this? Thanks in advance for your support!

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Have a project which has a remote fire department connection outside of the main building. The fire department connection has its own dedicated feed that goes from the remote FDC, underground, up into the building, where it connects to the fire sprinkler riser downstream of the backflow preventer.

The check valve for this line is required to be inside the building, so the main between the FDC and check valve in the building is intended to be dry.

NFPA 24 (if that applies) allows PVC for underground water service in its table of permitted pipe types.

NFPA 13 specifically states that galvanized steel is permitted to be used between the FDC and the check valve serving the FDC. I can't see where NFPA 13 would mandate pipe types for this arrangement.

Is this underground FDC feed allowed to be PVC?

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I haven't had any experience doing site calculations before, but I'm curious how it works from a practical standpoint. Fire Flow is required by the International Fire Code here locally, and there's guidance (albeit not formally adopted) in Appendix B of the IFC for a total demand. Additionally, there's hydrant spacing requirements for any particular building, and guidance on how far the hydrants can be from a building.

In order to determine how the hydrants are fed (dead-end vs. looped and size of pipe), are there specific flow and pressure amounts that each hydrant has to be calculated at?

Is it similar to a standpipe calculations where each hydrant has to have a specific flow?

I'm not performing the design work myself, but I'm just curious how that is typically done and pipe size determined.

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I have a project that is Seismic Design Category D. I'm researching and I thought there were requirements that stemmed from the Northridge Earthquake in 1994 related to the limiting the height/length of the sprinkler service entry.

Is there a 5-foot limit from the underground to the riser for seismic projects?

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What is the best way to cut in to an existing underground line that may have a thrust block at the end?

We are doing a project that has scope to retrofit an 8" backflow into an existing approximately 200' of 8" underground. There is an existing detector check valve in the line which will be removed. Because of the age of the building and underground (about 30 years old) it is assumed the piping has a thrust block at the end. But with cutting into the line and adding a couple 90 degree elbows to get the backflow above ground there is fear that the line may slip back to the water main because the thrust block at the end of the 200' run is no longer holding the entire line in place.

We are planning to add a thrust block to the new 90s, but the issue is that there is only a shut off valve that is in the straight line of the 200' of pipe. If we shut that valve, there will still be pressure on the front side of the valve and when we cut into the pipe, the pipe may slip.

Any suggestions on securing the pipe on the supply side of the new backflow or limiting the pressure prior to the concrete being poured on the elbows for the backflow?

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One of the frustrating non real-world things in consulting is that on the contracting side, 99.9% of the time we start at flange inside the building. Red-line the contract if needed, or work out an informal deal with the underground contractor. 

On the consulting/engineering side we have this whole underground spec section, just for five-feet out, including tracing wire and tape, testing offsite soils, soils disposal, shoring, compaction, size of rock, etc.  I understand the civil engineers will only take it to five feet. 

I’ve asked my people why we can't just match reality and just start inside the building? I am told if we did there is this 5-ft. gap that has to be claimed by someone (despite what is done in reality).

Have you addressed this in your experience in any way? I am wondering how others deal with it. On the contracting side we all just made it happen.  On the consulting/paperwork side, it’s hard to make the paperwork match reality.  Do you even seen thrust block calcs submitted from anyone since it is part of the imaginary five-feet out?

Sorry, ranting a bit, it came to mind again today because I have constructability comments from the architect that recognized that in this particular case, the AHJ permit covers from the flange, their solution is to have my spec cover the entire fire line. I’m not comfortable with that.   

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Do underground gate valves for fire main water supplies have to be monitored and supervised?

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For straight pipe couplings, are thrust blocks required, or is it only at any change of direction in the piping? It seems as though restrained joints seem to be common now, but the question came up when using thrust blocks instead of the restrained joints.

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