When an elevator does not have an elevator machine room, where should the fire alarm relays for the elevator be located?

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Within stairwells, how are standpipes addressed in regards to cane detection with ABA/ADA rules? Are there any special cane-detection requirements (anything special to allow a visually-impaired person to detect a vertical standpipe)?

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Does anyone have any literature on the installation of face sprinklers (the sprinkler along the first row of a rack on the "face" of the rack)?

I have an AHJ who is saying that the height of the pipes serving the face sprinklers must not meet the definition of "hindrance" or "obstruction" in the building code. 

The face sprinklers in my situation are placed on first row of a rack system with the face sprinklers of the upright type. (2015 NFPA-30 16.5.1.10 (6)).  The sprinkler line is located parallel with the face of the rack. The bottom of the pipe is 4"-6" below the bottom of the rack. 

I have checked for the definition of what he mentioned and I can't find anything in the building codes. Building code is 2015 IBC/IFC.  Also checked the NFPA-13 handbooks but the installation requirements are concerned with sprinkler deflector versus the piping itself.  Thanks in advance!

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Do underground gate valves for fire main water supplies have to be monitored and supervised?

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As you might have heard by now this site is all about promoting fire protection by sharing best practices and bringing together a community of experts from different backgrounds. As part of that goal I'm happy to announce the overall Top Ten Contributors to the Daily Forum for 2019:

On behalf of MeyerFire & all of us on the forum, thank you for your valued and regular input on the forum! The great conversations here do nothing but all of us in the industry learn and grow.

Top Contributors for 2019 each have been sent a plaque (like the one shown above) as a small token of appreciation.

Where exactly does a hydraulic calculation need to end? 

When we run a hydrant flow test, there's a static/residual hydrant and a flow hydrant. I regularly run my hydraulic calculations from the building, through the service main, to a street main, and then up the tee'd branch that serves a hydrant so that my source point is exactly at the elevation of the static/residual hydrant. I do this so that I make sure to account for the proper elevation of the water supply.

Most other hydraulic calculations I see will end wherever the building's service main intersects with the street's supply. Is this correct? Wouldn't that place the source at an elevation lower than what the hydrant indicated is available?

Wondering what the proper way is that I should be precisely calculating systems. Thanks in advance.

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What should I do about a sprinkler contractor who insists that rooms of dedicated Ordinary Hazard occupancy (storage, janitors, mechanical etc.) within an otherwise Light Hazard occupancy building can be protected as Light Hazard?

NFPA 13 clearly provides direction for adjacent and multiple hazard classifications. I think Chapter 5 and 11 (and common sense) are clear on this. Classroom Labs are even another matter that NFPA has addressed. Do you all run into this "it's all light hazard" belief as well?

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When sprinklers (recessed, pendant, or concealed) are installed in a ceiling, do the distances to heating ducts and steam piping listed in Table 8.3.2.5(a) of NFPA 13-13 still apply when those elements are above a ceiling?

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I have a question that a architect brought up to me.  He is saying that on a highrise (11 stories) it is a fire code requirement to have floor control valves on both stairwells. I cannot find anything that states this in any of the NFPA books. The square foot of each floor is small and is NOT separated into zones.

Does an 11-story high-rise require floor control valves on both stairwells?

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Will you please clarify why a Building Area Increase is NOT permitted for an NFPA 13R design?

We are working on a project and the architect has stated that the calculations following IBC T506.2 allow for an area increase up to 135,000 sf. We are working in IBC 2015. The Owner would like confirmation that the 4 story R-2 Type V-A building can be protected under NFPA 13R when it is over 12,000 sf.

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I could use some help with sprinkler obstructions.

Generally, I’m looking at piping and ductwork, that is installed within 18” below the plane of the standard upright sprinkler deflector. Light or ordinary occupancies.

I called NFPA 13 and got an interpretation that these would be considered a sprinkler obstruction, and I would need sprinklers on either side, regardless of the size of the duct/pipe (no rule here about only being over 4’). This was per Section 10.2.7.2 in the 2019 edition.

I didn’t think to ask, but could I still apply the three times rule of 10.2.7.2.1.3, even though these aren’t structural members? As long as I was three times, or 24-inches away, it wouldn’t be an obstruction, right?

I’ve seen these close configurations all over the place in many different peoples’ designs, so I’m wondering if I’m missing some allowance.

Most recently, I observed a 14” wide (horizontally) x 6” deep duct (vertically), with a sprinkler installed directly above with the deflector 5” above the top of the duct. The next sprinkler head is approximately 12 feet away. Also observed in the same room, was a 5” diameter pipe about 8” diagonally down from a deflector, measured at a 45-degree angle. If I’m understanding NFPA 13 correctly, these would both be considered obstructed. I have a question into NFPA 13, but would appreciate others’ opinions as well.

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NFPA 20, 4.12.6 "Ventilation. Provision shall be made for ventilation of a pump room or pump house."

DIESEL FIRE PUMPS - These rooms require a lot more air for combustion air and heat removal. This is usually done in generator and boiler rooms with separate fan-forced intake air and exhaust ducts to the outside. In the case of a fire pump, fireproofing these ducts through the building offer additional "protection" under NFPA 20, 4.12.1 in the event of a fire. Diesel data sheets show the amount of CFM required for the various engines. In addition, the extra distance for the exhaust pipe lengths to the outside needs to be considered. Some of the engine manufacturers have calculators on their websites for VENTILATION, COOLING LOOP and EXHAUST PIPING.

PUMP ROOM TEMPERATURE LIMITS - Most microprocessor controllers are limited to 120 deg. F. A small non-vented pump room, especially on a west wall, could easily exceed that with a motor running under load on a hot 100+ degree day.

My question? This site/facility does not have an emergency backup generator. Do we need a backup generator to power the exhaust fan and/or the unit heater?

In the event of power loss during winter… a room temp sensor would send supervisory alarm company for an owner response.

Also, please confirm the Jockey pump does not require backup power.

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I would appreciate some feedback on using quick response sprinklers in a dry system. I have found no reference in NFPA 13 indicating specifically if QR Uprights can or can not be used.  Therefore, I assume that they are acceptable providing it is a light or ordinary hazard classification. 

I have researched and found varying opinions.  I believe fire testing shows that the use of QR sprinklers in dry systems can help decrease fluid delivery time.  However, with more sprinklers operating before the water arrives to control the fire, some argue that there is increased system demand.  I agree with both scenarios, however, I don't believe the amount of sprinklers operating would exceed the design area of a properly calculated system. 

I would love to hear some different opinions on the subject.

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For straight pipe couplings, are thrust blocks required, or is it only at any change of direction in the piping? It seems as though restrained joints seem to be common now, but the question came up when using thrust blocks instead of the restrained joints.

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I occasionally am the one to choose which dry valve make and model we use for our installation projects. If you're a specifying engineer/designer or on the contractor side of things, what criteria do you consider when you choose when deciding which dry valve model to use?

Obviously the calculations have to accomodate the pressure loss, but that mostly impacts size. What other factors do you consider when making the decision?

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A non-anonymous post from Joe: 

What one tool would you like to see developed that would positively impact your line of work? 

Perhaps it's an improvement on an existing tool, an entirely new tool over a topic you struggle with, a hand calculation that you do repeatedly, or a spreadsheet that you've started to develop.

What concepts can I help support for you in 2020? Shoot me an email at joe@meyerfire.com.

As an engineering consultant I've worked across a good scattering of the continental US. Occasionally I find jurisdictions who do not allow a "performance-specification" set of documents, but rather require that the fire sprinkler system be entirely laid out and hydraulically calculated with the building permit submittal.

Right now I'm aware of some areas in Florida and New York City as being two that have stood out as having this requirement.

In your experience is this common? What other jurisdictions do you know of require "full-design"?

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NFPA 2001 requires a safety factor under sections 5.4.2.3 through 5.4.2.5 for clean agent extinguishing concentrations.

What is the difference between the "design concentration" listed in Table A.5.4.2.2(b) (2015 edition) and this minimum extinguishing concentration (the minimum extinguishing concentration MEC x applied safety factor)?

In some cases the design concentrations are higher than the MEC x safety factor - is there a proper one to be using under NFPA 2001? Sorry if the question is basic - I've always just used the design concentrations.

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First of all I work at a gas company as a Fire Equipment Maintenance Specialist in Libya. My job is to follow up and assess efficiency of fixed firefighting systems and provide plans for preventative/corrective maintenance/testing based on schedules.

One of our firefighting systems has a foam bladder tank which protects an oil tank and plant operations.

My problem is when we started this project the bladder tank was built out of global standard. The foam concentrate AFFF is stored between the internal tank wall and membrane. Water gets inside the membrane which forces the foam to get out through the rated membrane. 

I know it is wrong and does not produce a perfect foam solution within the specification. When I complained about this case, my manager asked me to provide an opinion based on international standards. 

Is there guidance within NFPA-standards that can help me address this issue?

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I would like to open up a topic to this amazing forum.

Preaction systems...types, cost, challenges, panel set-ups...I continue to see the vast lack of knowledge amongst the design and management community.

Which type is best? Which is more economical? Which is best for your company to install or to maintain? How does a double interlock system affect design/cost? Can a single interlock system be set up to operate the way you need and at a lower cost? Does the AHJ typically have any special requests?

Knowing these answers could only make everyone's lives easier. Thanks in advance!

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Fire hydrant flow test question - is the pitot the same as the residual pressure on a water flow test from a fire hydrant?

Is it possible to know the residual pressure and 'chart out' the flow of the fire hydrant, or is there a way to determine the flow with only the static and residual pressures?

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What is the maximum working pressure allowed for CPVC?

I understand many manufacturers have 175 psi listings, but I'm wondering if there's anything that's listed for higher pressures. Thanks in advance!

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If I have multiple compounding remote area adjustments, when does the minimum remote area size for high-temperature sprinklers get applied?

For example, if there is a dry system protecting storage starting at 2,500 sqft, which calculation is correct?:

(a) 2,500 sqft x 0.75 (high-temperature reduction) = 1,875 ... rounded up to 2,000 sqft for minimum area, then 2,000 x 1.3 (dry system area increase) = 2,600 sqft.

or

(b) 2,500 sqft x 0.75 (high-temperature reduction) = 1,875 ... 1,875 x 1.3 (dry system area increase) = 2,437 sqft, which is greater than the 2,000 sqft high-temperature minimum.

Thanks in advance!

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A three-story dormitory and we have residential-style pendent sprinklers in the corridors with residential sidewall and pendent sprinklers in most of the units. 

By code, are the pendent and sidewall sprinklers required to have the same k-factor?

Residential k-factors jump around a little and I wasn't sure if the requirement (or industry standard) to not mix k-factors would cover different sprinkler orientations too. Thanks in advance!

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