Our firm specializes in corporate interiors, buildings retrofits, modernizations, etc. A common problem that we encounter is how to provide sprinkler protection during construction.

As an example, suppose a tenant leases a single floor in a multi-story, fully sprinklered, office building. The design of the new office space requires the existing systems to be gutted and refitted. Ideally, the existing sprinkler system would be demolished to permit new ductwork, plumbing, conduit, etc. to be installed in coordination with the new sprinkler system that is designed to meet the proposed architectural layout and ceiling design. However, most municipalities would not permit the existing system to be demolished unless a fire watch was provided during system impairment. For a project with a construction schedule duration of 12-16 weeks, this could be extremely cost prohibitive.

Currently, the IBC Section 3312 states that the space can only be occupied once the sprinkler system is tested and accepted for service. No guidance is given for protection during actual construction activity (even though the name of Chapter 33 is Safeguards During Construction)

I have spoken with some AHJ’s about the topic. Some offer a solution of providing smoke/heat detection in lieu of the sprinklers during construction while others simply state to “follow the code”.

I see NFPA has a similar code to the IBC (NFPA-241) but it also lacks guidance for sprinkler protection during construction.

In NYC, a solution referred to as a Temp-Loop has been implemented for years. The Temp-Loop consists of a 2-1/2” pipe installed at 7’-6” AFF with heads spaced 12’-0” OC along the pipe, installed close to the ceiling slab. The Temp Loop piping is installed along a single path of egress connecting all egress stairs and elevator openings. The basic concept is to provide a protected path of egress and notify the FDNY should a fire occur. But by the time a sprinkler head is fused, a lot of damage would have already been done.

Have you encountered this situation previously?

I’m trying to get a consensus of what can be done in situations like above that would be mutually agreeable to the AHJ’s, landlords, leasing tenants, EOR’s, etc…

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Are calculated stair widths based on occupant loads based only on a single level that the stair is serving, or a cumulative (total) occupant load for all floors the stair serves? 

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The International Building Code requires identification of fire partitions, barriers, or fire walls with 3" letters identifying the wall itself.

I've seen (especially in hospitals) labels for each through-penetration with a UL Listing sticker right below each penetration. Is this a requirement by code, or just a hospital standard?

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The International Building Code Section 707.5.1 (2015 Edition) requires structure to have at least the level of fire resistance as the element it is supporting:

707.5.1 Supporting construction. The supporting construction for a fire barrier shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the fire barrier supported. Hollow vertical spaces within a fire barrier shall be fireblocked in accordance with Section 718.2 at every floor level.

   Exceptions:

1. The maximum required fire-resistance rating for assemblies supporting fire barriers separating tank storage as provided for in Section 415.9.1.2 shall be 2 hours, but not less than required by Table 601 for the building construction type.

2. Supporting construction for 1-hour fire barriers required by Table 509 in buildings of Type IIB, IIIB and VB construction is not required to be fire-resistance rated unless required by other sections of this code.

The project is a three-story hotel and each unit is required to have a 1/2-hour fire resistance rating between units and between the unit and the corridor. 

Is the building structure required to have at least a 1/2-hour rating on account of these separations?

I see two potential outs that would not require it - first being that the 1/2-hour fire resistance rating could be considered a "fire partition" and not a "fire barrier". Second out is exception #2 listed above although it speaks to a 1-hour rated fire barrier and not a 1/2-hour fire barrier.

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A dormitory has 1/2-hour fire barriers separating each residential unit. On each side of the 1/2-hour wall, penetrating the 5/8" gypsum, are shower valves that serve showers within bathrooms on each side.

The shower valves have the valve assembly itself and an opening that's covered with a metal escutcheon. These would qualify as a membrane penetration under the International Building Code.

For back-to-back vales in the wall, how is this commonly addressed to still maintain the 1/2-hour fire resistance rating?

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NFPA 13 requires closely spaced sprinklers with a draft curtain around unenclosed moving stairways, staircases, or similar unenclosed floor openings which are not large (20 feet or more across and 1000 sqft or greater), as an alternative to the enclosure of the vertical opening (NFPA 13 8.15.4.1 in 2016 and 9.3.5.1 in 2019).

This seems to jive with NFPA 101, but where does it come into play with the International Building Code?

As a sprinkler designer I want to be cognizant of situations where closely spaced sprinklers and draft curtains are necessary, but would they only surface as an AHJ-approved code alternative by IBC 104.11 (Alternative materials, design and methods)?

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