I've been told that memorizing the ANSI and ARCH drawing sizes along with architectural scales & their scale factors is a part of the first day of any drafting program. I've also been told that anyone who drafts regularly should undoubtedly have the standard sheet sizes and scale factors for different architectural scales memorized.

Consider me the dumb exception who never learned how to draft.

Despite being told I have a large head (I think they're talking about my physically awkward-sized head and not my bloated ego), I can't seem to allocate much space in there to remember the essentials of life like knowing that ANSI D translates to a 22 x 34 sheet size.

And for that, I've created a drafting cheatsheet -
​

Now, if you're from a part of the planet that uses an intuitive, logical, consensus-driven, and straightforward method of measuring using the SI system, then you can largely ignore the above tool and write us English-traditionalists off as keeping our head buried in the sand.

​Despite even the original developers of the English system of measurement overhauling their system twice (the British adapted to the imperial system in 1824 and the metric system in the 1960s) and ditching the foot-pound world, us westerners just can't seem to let some things go.

This shouldn't be the sword I choose to fall on, so I'll leave the dead horse for someone else to beat. For those who use the "US Customary Units of Measure" and also can't seem to recall how to scale a 3/32" = 1'-0" background properly (it's a scale factor of 128), this cheatsheet is for you too.

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This week we're covering a basic riser manifold configuration for wet-pipe fire sprinkler systems. This is not for a shotgun-style single riser, nor for a wet riser using an alarm check valve (we'll explore both of those later).

​If you haven't checked it out, there are great ongoing discussions (some of which covered these topics) on the MeyerFire Daily page here. 

Overview
Wet-pipe systems form the backbone of traditional fire sprinkler system design, comprising the most popular and most economical system type available. Here's the major components that go into a wet-pipe fire sprinkler assembly:

Check Valve

• Purpose: Allows the system to retain pressure over time, prevents and siphonage of water in a system to serve standpipes or other systems, and helps prevent nuisance waterflow alarm paddle movement by maintaining water in each system.
• Where Required: a check valve is required in any system, but may also be accomplished by a single backflow preventer in a multi-system manifold. Check valves are required on each sprinkler system where the supply serves both sprinklers and standpipes.
• Orientation: must be horizontal or vertical-up in accordance with its listing (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.1.1.3.4, 2007 -16 8.16.1.1.3.4, 2019 16.9.5.4)

FDC Connection

• Purpose: Allows the fire department to supply supplementary pressure and flow to the system during a fire event.
• Where Required: on any sprinkler system that does not meet exceptions for being inaccessible, large-capacity deluge systems, or single-story buildings not over 2,000 sqft (185 sq.m.). (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.2.2, 2007-16 8.17.2.2, 2019 16.12.2)
• Where Located: for a single system it must be on the system side of the main system control valve, check, and alarm valves, and is permitted to be connected to the main piping directly (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.2.4.2, 2007-16 8.17.2.4.2, 2019 16.12.5.2), for multiple systems the FDC connection must be between the supply control valves and system control valves (on the manifold) (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.2.4.3, 2007-16 8.17.2.4.3, 2019 16.12.5.4).

​
Main Drain

• Purpose: Allows the system to be drained down for maintenance, interior inspections, repair, or modifications.
• Discharge: must discharge to outside or to a drain connection, but not directly to a sewer (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.2.6.1, 2007-16 8.16.2.6.1, 2019 16.10.6.1)
• Labeled: required to be labeled with a weatherproof metal or rigid plastic identifier (NFPA 13 2002-16 6.7.4.1, 2019 16.9.12.1)
• Size: is determined by NFPA 13 (2002 Table 8.15.2.4.2 and 8.15.2.6, 2007-16 8.16.2.4.2, 2019 16.10.4.2)

Inspector's Test

• Purpose: Allows the waterflow switch to be tested as required by NFPA 25 by flowing water, and allows drainage of the system.
• Where Required: for wet systems, anywhere downstream of the waterflow alarm. Some jurisdictions have requirements or preferences to locate the inspector's test remotely from the riser (NFPA 13 2007-13 8.17.4.2.4, 2016 8.17.4.1.4). Note that FM Global systems require wet system inspector's tests to be located remotely from the riser (FM Global 2-0 2.6.5)
• Approved: required to be approved (NFPA 13 2002-13 6.7.3, 2016 6.6.3, 2019 16.9.1.1).
• Labeled: required to be labeled with a weatherproof metal or rigid plastic identifier (NFPA 13 2002-13 6.7.4, 2016 6.6.4, 2019 16.9.12).
• Orifice: The orifice (within a sight/site glass) simulates the flow of a single sprinkler in order to ensure that the sprinkler waterflow alarm will activate upon the flow of a single sprinkler. The orifice must: be equal to the smallest orifice of any sprinkler installed on the system (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.4.1.1, 2007-16 8.17.4.1.1, 2019 16.14.1.1), and be smooth bore and corrosion resistant (NFPA 13 2002-13 8.17.4.2.1, 2016 8.17.4.1.1, 2019 16.14.1.1)
• Sight/Site Glass: typically provided where water discharge is not visible from the control valve (NFPA 13 2002 A.8.16.4.2, 2007-13 A.8.17.4.2, 2016 A.8.17.4.1, 2019 A.16.14.1). 

Isolation Valve

• Purpose: Allow a single system to be shut off for maintenance, inspection or renovation. Limiting the system size per isolation valve also helps reduce risk that a large facility wouldn't be affected by the closure of a single system valve.
• Where Required: isolation valve is required on each sprinkler system (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.1.1.1, 2007-16 8.16.1.1.1.1, 2019 16.9.3.1.1)
• Accessible: valve is required to be readily accessible for operation, inspection, tests & maintenance and located where free of obstruction (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.4.2.2, 2007-2013 8.17.4.2.2, 2016 8.17.4.1.2, 2019 16.14.1.2, FM Global 2-0 2.6.5). Are recommended to be no more than 7 feet above finished floor (NFPA 13 2002 A.8.16.4.2, 2007-13 A.8.17.4.2, 2016 A.8.17.4.1, 2019 A.16.14.1)
• Identification: must include portion of building served and what it controls (NFPA 13 2002-13 6.7.4.3, 2016 6.6.4.3, 16.9.12.3), and it's function (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.1.1.8, 2007-16 8.16.1.1.8, 2019 16.9.3.5)
• Indicating: must show it's position and be visible when standing at floor level (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.1.1.2.4, 2007-16 8.16.1.1.2.4, 2019 16.9.3.3.4)
• Listed: this valve is required to be listed (NFPA 13 2002-13 6.7.1.3, 2016 6.6.1.3, 2019 16.9.3.2)
• Supervision: can be accomplished by (1) central, proprietary or remote station, (2) a local sounding at a constantly attended location, (3) locked in correct position, (4) within fenced inclusion under control of owner, sealed, and inspected weekly (NFPA 13 2002 8.15.1.1.2.1, 2007-16 8.16.1.1.2.1, 2019 16.9.3.3.1)

Pressure Gauge

• Purpose: To assess loss of pressure over time during testing and to verify the water pressure in a system.
• Where Required: above and below each alarm check valve or system riser check (when present) (NFPA 2002 7.1.1.2), and adjacent to main drain (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.3.1, 2007-16 8.17.3.1, 2019 16.13.1)
• Accessible: must be accessible for operation, inspection, tests & maintenance (NFPA 13 2002-16 8.1.2, 2019 16.1.1)
• Capacity: The maximum limit for the gauge must not be less than twice the normal working pressure at the point in the system where it's installed (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.3.3, 2007-16 8.17.3.3, 2019 16.13.3)
• Connection: must be minimum 1/4-inch thread inlet near main drain (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.3.1, 2007-16 8.17.3.1, 2019 16.13.1)
• Listed: required to be listed (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.3.3, 2007-16 8.17.3.3, 2019 16.13.3)
• Removal: must permit removal and not be subject to freezing (NFPA 13 2002 8.16.3.4, 2007-16 8.17.3.4, 2019 16.13.4)

Waterflow Switch

• Purpose: To transmit an alarm signal to the fire alarm system and/or supervising station that the sprinkler system is active.
• Where Required: Is required for each zoned system. (NFPA 2002-13 6.9.2.1, 2016 6.8.2.1, 2019 16.11.3.1)
• Listed: required to be listed (NFPA 2002-13 6.9.2.1, 2016 6.8.2.1, 2019 16.11.3.1)
• Supervision: must be supervised (NFPA 2002-13 6.9.2.1, 2016 6.8.2.1, 2019 16.11.3.1)

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Hope your 2019 is off to a great start! Here's the big industry impacts I'm excited to be following in the upcoming year.

Tyco (Johnson Controls) debuted a big industry shakeup over the end of 2018 with their new UL Certified pre-mixed antifreeze solution. ​

​​A tragic apartment kitchen fire in 2010 activated a nearby sprinkler as part of an antifreeze solution with too high of a glycerin concentration, resulting in an "explosion" when contacting the flame. This and two other incidents quickly prompted an investigation by NFPA and its Fire Protection Research Foundation, which resulted in TIAs (Tenative Interim Amendments) to limit the use of antifreeze in new sprinkler systems. These TIAs required that antifreeze solutions must be listed for use in sprinkler systems.

Until now (eight years later), no such listed solution was available on the market.

This new antifreeze solution offers an alternative to dry systems for temperatures as low as -10 deg F (-23.3 deg C), and are listed for use with CPVC.

Upcoming ​PE Exam Changes

While the 2019 Fire Protection PE Exam doesn't appear to hold any major changes from the 2018 version, this is the last year that is planned to be a pencil and paper, all-resources-allowed version of the PE Exam. In 2020, NCEES (with SFPE's support) is planning to move the exam to be computer-based and potentially only permit portions of reference material to be available via PDFs.

These changes might not seem big on the surface, but with them the exam experience will change fairly dramatically - going from a personalized collection of customized notes, examples and self-made binders to more of a standardized approach similar to NICET exams.

Because of the uncertainty around the 2020 exam, I suspect there will be a good handful of PE candidates that if eligibile would opt to take the 2019 exam over being the "guinea-pig" on the new 2020 exam format. There's plenty more to be discussed and released by both NCEES and SFPE concerning the new computerized exam format, but it'll certainly be something I'll be tracking around here in the coming year.

MeyerFire in ​2019

Thanks to the high level of interest and feedback for this site, everything is full-steam around here. The past year was phenomenal around here and I saw a major uptick in interest for the 2018 PE Prep Guide (two-thirds of examinees had it when they took the exam), the Weekly Exam Series, and the launch of the Toolkit.

In 2019 I hope to continue to improve upon the weekly blog series with highly-visual and hopefully helpful content, release a 2019 edition of the PE Prep Guide, and work towards a long-awaited fire protection reference guide - basically a book of helpful charts, graphs, and visuals for inspectors, designers, and engineers.

Why This Site Exists

This site was built to start the conversation.

I really would like to emphasize that I am not an end-all expert in the field. Much of what I've posted here as it relates to my own experience or industry guidance is already available.

What makes the emphasis of this site different is that it's all about bringing together experts in different fire protection factions to discuss and share best practices. It's about improving your workflow and your knowledge with resources and ideas, and giving a medium for you to share your expertise for other's gain as well.

If you're new to the blog or the website - welcome! We're well suited for a great year.