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How to Calc End Voltage of Battery After Time?

8/26/2026

4 Comments

 
I recently read in a DoD specification for a fire alarm mass notification system that it was required that I perform a voltage drop calculation for my notification circuits that utilizes the end voltage of the battery test load and duration as the starting voltage of the voltage drop (v-drop) calc.

Typically
, I just use the 20.4 V (85%) as the starting voltage for V-drops.

I honestly have no idea how to calculate the end voltage of a battery bank after a prescribed loading period. I did some digging online and came across Peukert's Law (which could be helpful), and in the battery manufacturer data it provides max load capacities for an array of durations: 5 minutes to 20 hrs, and gives the end voltage per cell of these specific scenarios, but it appears to be a dubious proposition to extrapolate or interpolate values from the tables.

For instance, the table tells me that for 5 minutes a 120
Ah battery can discharge at 313.2 A and have a remaining voltage of 1.7 V/cell (which is 10.2 V/batt and 20.4 V/sys), but it does not tell me what the voltage drop would be for a much smaller load over this duration.

Does anyone know how to use these tables in order to estimate the ending battery voltage
, let's say after a period of 48 hours under 1 A, and a successive period of 15 minutes at 18 A, utilizing a set of batteries that are 12v and 120AH? 

The battery tables mentioned above can be found in the product literature for Power Sonic PS-121200 batteries.

Sent in anonymously for discussion. Click Title to View | Submit Your Question | Subscribe
4 Comments
Chad
8/26/2026 08:14:06 am

You need to perform a point to point voltage drop calc taking into account the wire resistance and the loads at the distance from the source. FA design Software readily does this .

Reply
Ricardo
8/26/2026 08:31:57 am

You are correct in using the 20.4vdc as the proposed end of time. The intent is to determine if the system will still be running at that time. Be it 24 hours and 5 minutes or other prescribed time frame.

The intent is to verify by calculation the system would still be operating. Not some random timeframe in between. EEs would be challenged to do an intermediate time frame and as you stated, the charts are not very accurate and there are no UL requirements to define any other information.

Even though NFPA 72 requires a 20% capacity adjustment to account for aging, that again is assuming the end of the prescribed time for the system to operate.

All systems today cut the operation of the equipment below 20.4 for 2 reasons, 1: not to deep discharge the batteries (then this requires replacement instead of recharge) and 2: most systems don't have switching power supplies on the battery side of the power.

Reply
Chad
8/26/2026 12:38:27 pm

They cut off at 20.4 at the power supply.... Calcs must start at 85% of rated voltage= 20.4V because:

2022 72- 10.3.5
Equipment shall be designed so that it is capable of performing its intended functions under the following conditions:
(1)*
At 85 percent and at 110 percent of the nameplate primary (main) and secondary (standby) input voltage(s)



The min operating voltage for UL listed devices is 16vdc.
so at the EOL the device needs 16+ volts.

Don't bother with the battery itself spec sheet. Calc it based on 20.4 V starting to ensure you have the min volt at the EOL.

The quiescent and alarm loads can be used to calc the battery capacity.
Two different calcs

Reply
chad putney
8/26/2026 12:40:34 pm

This is also why simplex uses a higher nominal starting voltage (29 vs 24) , greater distance and circuit capacity

Reply



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